Most people don’t think twice about their gums until they see pink in the sink. However, gum disease—clinically known as periodontal disease—is the 11th most common disease globally. It is a "silent" condition because it often develops without pain, meaning you could have it right now without even knowing.

Here is everything you need to know to protect your smile and your overall health.

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that support your teeth. It is primarily caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. When plaque isn't thoroughly brushed away, it hardens into tartar (calculus), which only a dental professional can remove.

The Two Main Stages

1. Gingivitis: This is the early, mildest stage. You might notice red, puffy gums that bleed when you brush or floss. The good news? At this stage, it is completely reversible with professional cleaning and better home care.
2. Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The gums begin to pull away from the teeth, creating "pockets" that trap more bacteria. Over time, this infection can destroy the bone holding your teeth in place, leading to loose teeth or tooth loss.

Why It Matters Beyond Your Mouth

Gum disease isn't just a dental issue. Research has linked chronic gum inflammation to several serious systemic health conditions:

• Heart Disease: Bacteria can enter the bloodstream through inflamed gums, potentially contributing to narrowed arteries and heart attacks.
• Diabetes: It is a two-way street; gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar, and high blood sugar makes you more susceptible to gum infections.
• Respiratory Issues: Bacteria from the mouth can be inhaled into the lungs, increasing the risk of infections like pneumonia.

Top Tips for Prevention of Gum Disease

• Brush Twice a Day: Use fluoride toothpaste and brush for at least two minutes.
• Don't Skip Flossing: A toothbrush cannot reach between teeth where plaque often hides. Use floss or interdental brushes daily.
• Visit the Dentist Regularly: Routine check-ups allow professionals to spot early signs of inflammation before they become destructive.
• Quit Smoking: Smokers are up to six times more likely to develop gum disease because tobacco weakens the immune system’s ability to fight off infection.

Don't wait for pain to act. If your gums are bleeding or tender, book a check-up today to catch the problem.